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Classification of air pollutants

2022,08,03
According to ANSI/ISA-71.04, airborne contaminants that affect the operation of equipment come in three forms: solid, liquid, and gas. Substances in each form that have a significant impact on circuit boards are described below:
Solid Particles - Dust
 
Dust usually contains chlorine ions, sulfate, nitrate, and other water-soluble salts. In addition to directly making the equipment inside the metal connector or metal contacts poor contact, but also in the metal surface to promote the formation of water film. Water-soluble components dissolved in the water film, will accelerate the occurrence of metal corrosion, resulting in a decline in the insulation impedance of the circuit board. More serious galvanic corrosion may occur if the circuit board is in operation.
 
Liquid Air Pollutants - Salt Spray
 
The liquid air pollutants described here include, in addition to liquids in a broad sense, liquids carried by gases and aerosols in the form of atomized liquid droplets in the air. The air in coastal areas has a high content of salt spray, the main component of which is NaCl. NaCl is chemically inactive, but in the presence of moisture and water, it produces Cl-, which reacts with metals or alloys such as Cu, Ni, and Ag.
 
At the same time, NaCl, as a strong electrolyte, can condense on the attached surface and dissociate to produce Cl-, which is dissolved in the liquid film or droplets on the surface of the circuit board at less than the critical relative humidity. In a certain concentration of Cl-, electronic equipment began to appear localized corrosion, with the emergence of new non-dense corrosion products, further damage to the protective layer on the surface of the equipment, the corrosion rate increases rapidly.
Gaseous air pollutants - SO2, H2S
 
Sulfur-containing compounds are one of the most important pollutants in the atmosphere, atmospheric H2S and SO2 mainly from mining, combustion of sulfur-containing fuels and metallurgy, sulfuric acid manufacturing and other industrial processes. H2S and SO2 are strong variable components, H2S in the case of heating can be decomposed into H2 and S. Emission of SO2 into the air with the reaction of O2 and water vapor in the humid air in the role of catalysts such as dust and other compounds to produce H2SO4.
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